Macroeconomy of Poland Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macroeconomy of Poland - Research Paper Example his country has established stable trade relations with the rest of the world, where it cooperates with other countries such as China, Japan, and Canada who are its major trade partners. This country provides Canada with the second largest market in central and eastern Europe, where in 2005, Canada exported a total of $266.7 million worth of goods to Poland and in turn imported goods worth 532.6 million (Krugman, 34). These countries and other European countries have established many investments in Poland, in the sectors of transportation, technology, and security. However, there are various challenges that face this country, regarding its economy. Among those challenges is the aligning of the countries fiscal and monetary policies, towards adopting the euro. Another challenge facing the country is its labor force, where the country has a high rate of unemployment and low labor participation in the economic growth (Batara, 25). The country also suffers from a poor business environmen t, where the economy is dominated by major public sector investments, whose failure to privatize has hindered the favorable local and foreign investments into the country. Paramount of these challenges is the poor infrastructure for the agricultural sector, which this country possesses. The sector lacks ample investment, has surplus of labor and has a shortage of small firm’s investment (Schwab, 60). The banking system in Poland is large, ranked as the biggest in east and central Europe (Batara, 28). The sector is highly developed, an aspect that has been contributed by the privatization of some banks by the government in the period 1992-1997. During this period, the government also restructured other banks and added more capital and infrastructure to them while at the same time putting...This paper aims to present a comprehensive modern overview of the economy of Poland, in order to determine macroeconomic tendencies in the country and to outline its economic perspectives. Until the 1990s, the economy of this country was centralized. However, from then on, the government has been trying to decentralize this and adopt a free market system of economy, which has served to steer the economic growth of this country to the present state. This notwithstanding, there are many other sectors of the economy which have remained resistant to change, which is desirable for a free market economy The industrial base of this country is centralized around petrochemicals, machinery, fertilizers, electronics, car manufacture, and shipbuilding. This country established stable trade relations with the rest of the world, where it cooperates with other countries such as China, Japan, and Canada who are its major trade partners. The banking system in Poland is large, ranked as the biggest in east and central Europe. The sector is highly developed, an aspect that has been contributed by the privatization of some banks. The government also restructured other banks and added more capital and infrastructure to them while at the same time putting in place policy reforms that greatly supported this sector. The future of the economy of Poland is promising. The county is constantly establishing vital political and economic relations with other countries to enhance its trade and investments, serving to spur the economic growth even further

Ontario's Recod on Electing Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ontario's Recod on Electing Women - Essay Example Women only won the right to vote gradually in Canada and remain underrepresented in Parliament as well as in provincial legislatures. The first federal election in which women were able to vote and run as candidates was 1921. In that election, four women ran for office and Agnes Campbell MacPhail (1890-1954) made history as the first woman elected to the Canadian House of Commons. Between 1921 and 2006, 3402 women candidates stood in the 39 general elections and won on 426 occasions. (http://www.worldmayor.com/manifestos05/mississauga_05.html) Hazel McCallion was first elected to the office of Mayor of Mississauga, Ontario in November, 1978, and she is the longest serving Mayor in the city's history. On the 11th of November 2003, Hazel McCallion started her 10th term as Mayor of Mississauga, Ontario. She was acclaimed in 1980, re-elected in 1982 and 1985, acclaimed again in 1988 and re-elected in 1991, 1994, 1997, 2000, 2003 and 2006. The Mayor was runner-up in World Mayor 2005. Mayor McCallion was born in Port Daniel on the Gaspe Coast of Quebec, and educated in Quebec City and Montreal. She then began a career with Canadian Kellogg, and remained with the company for 19 years. In 1967 she decided to leave the corporate world and devote her career to politics. She was elected Chairman of the Streetsville Planning Board that year, and again in 1968. Later that same year, she became Deputy Reeve of Streetsville. She was later appointed Reeve, and then elected Mayor of Streetsville in 1970, serving until December, 1973. When the Region of Peel was established in 1974, Ms McCallion was elected to the Mississauga and Peel Regional Councils. She served two terms as a Councillor prior to her mayoral campaign in 1978. By the time she was elected Mayor, she had sat on virtually every com mittee at the Region of Peel and the City of Mississauga. She has also served on the executive of many federal and provincial committees and associations. (http://www.worldmayor.com/manifestos05/mississauga_05.html) Nellie McClung (1873-1951) was an outstanding activist who was in the forefront for the fight for women's rights including the right to vote and be voted for, made some remarkable statements in 1929. She said, "We may live to see the day when women will no longer be news!" this hope has been realized in recent years - there is no questioning of women in politics today, and they have been voted for in every political arena. The Election Act of the Dominion stated that "no women, idiot, lunatic, or child" could vote. Nellie McClung happens to be one of the numerous women who fought for women's rights in politics, and other professions. She was a member of an early feminist movement variously called Maternal, Moral, or Social Feminism. Their agitations were not just on the equality of life of women in all areas of society as "equality feminism" later proved to be. It was boarded on better health care, removal of restrictions, women's institutions, cultural activities etc. These activities

Life And Work Of Abu Ali Ibn Sina

Life And Work Of Abu Ali Ibn Sina Ibn Sina, Abu Ali (Latin Avicenna) (980-1037), a scholar of encyclopedic, physician and philosopher. He was born near Bukhara in Afshane 16 August 980. The father of Ibn Sina, Bukhara officer, a native of Balkh, while the capital of Greco-Bactrian kingdom, gave his son a systematic education at home, awakened in him at an early age the desire for knowledge. Soon, Abu Ali has surpassed his teacher and started an independent study of physics, metaphysics and medicine, referring to the works of Euclid, Ptolemy and Aristotle. If Euclid and Ptolemys Almagest did not give the young Ibn Sina the great difficulties that the Aristotelian Metaphysics demanded from him a lot of effort. Up to forty times he took a reading, but I could not comprehend the depth of its content has not encountered a book seller in writing of al-Farabi on to metaphysics, the commentary on the works of Aristotle. As a philosopher Ibn Sina belonged to the direction of Falsafah, eastern peripatetizma. Did much to develop the philosophical vocabulary in Arabic and Persian languages. Defending and developing the philosophical system of Aristotle, Ibn Sina gave in his writings, considerable attention logic, the doctrine of causality, the first reason, matter and form of knowledge, categories, principles of organization of thought and knowledge. In the teachings of Ibn Sina are constantly present two approaches to the description of the world: the physical and metaphysical. When he talks as a physicist, it paints a picture of things in terms of movement, space, time and natural determinism, has things in order from simple to complex, from the inanimate to the living and completes the most complex organism, endowed with reason, a man. In this picture, the mind is regarded as closely connected with the body, to matter: Soul arise when there is a corporeal substance, suitable to use it the soul (Book of the soul). This matter the brain, various departments which correspond to different mental processes. Storage is a general feeling of power performance, and it is located in front of the brain. That is why, when this part is damaged, the scope of representation is violated. Store that accepts the idea is a force called memory, and it is located in the back of the brain. The middle part of the brain was created as a place of power of imagination. Considering the different mental states and events: sleep, dreams, power of suggestion, predictions, prophecies, pondering the mysteries and miracles, called Ibn Sina reveal the cause of all this, based on the laws of nature. The concept of a strictly ordered world, the slave laws of determinism, is one of the central points of the philosophy of Avicenna. A number of causal dependence, rising to one another generating reasons for ending the first cause, which, being the active principle (the will), releases its potentiality, which mediated a number of steps, there is a multiple created world. Solving the problem of not only the reality of the world, but its independence from the Creator, Ibn Sina has focused on the topic of the possible and necessary. The basic idea of Arabic peripatetics the idea of the world, opportunities are already contained in the Uniform and therefore sovechnogo Creator. Adhering to the Peripatetic tradition in his doctrine of causality, Ibn Sina gave up hard determinism: the existence of vozmozhnosuschego is not necessary in itself and becomes such a result will change neobhodimosuschego as the first cause, giving rise to the subsequent series and own who were making them necessa ry. First, first principle is the only thing originally to itself. Everything else derives from it, and therefore only possible. But since there is a reason, the possibility, the latter is in turn a necessity and as such a necessary cause of the next generation. Thus, the first reason is just the first jolt, in the future world of things is determined by causal dependence within himself. Another important point is the philosophy of Ibn Sinas doctrine of the soul. Noting the indispensable bond of mind with bodily matter, Ibn Sina, in contrast to Aristotles interest in mind as well as a special, netelesnoy substance that existing in the body, differs from him and dominates him, it is not simply a form that exists in a solid substrate, it does not attach to the body, and (in the terminology peripatetizma) creates the human body as a creator, is the cause of the body. Potential mind through learning, mastery of knowledge is urgent. Reaching the top step, grasping the abstract forms, purchasing power of the active intellect, he is acquired. At this stage of the work of the mind can no longer depend on external impressions, and even the state of the body, thinking about thinking connection with the body, with matter rather a hindrance. Such a mind does not need to own who were studying intelligible he understands them directly, intuitively. In the acquired human mind is l ikened to the potency of the first principles of all things (On the soul). The man a free, sovereign being. His mind is not only the recipients of external impressions, but also a focused subject, projecting the idea. Independence of mind from the body of Ibn Sina argued its indivisibility, as well as the ability to work and even its gain with the weakening of the body, feelings, etc. A good argument in favor of netelesnosti mind is described by Ibn Sina introspective experience, the image of the so-called floating people. If you think that your entity once created with common sense and perfect form, and we assume that parts of it are hidden from view and shall not come into contact, and separated from each other and hang some time in the outdoors, then you will find that it forgets everything except the assertion of individuality , which consists in the mind (hints and instructions). In this experience the person is aware that I am I, even if I do not know that I have an arm, leg or any other authority, I stayed I would have, even if they were not there (On the Soul) . As netelesnoy soul is immortal, as vnutritelesnoy individually, and, moreover, forever (the concept of individual immortality). Accordingly, the mans knowledge of itself (introspection) unremovably individually. On this understanding of Ibn Sina mind and forms of knowledge influenced Sufism and personal experience Tariqah (Sufi way to God). This is reflected in its pure Sufi works: A Treatise on the Haya, son of Yakzana, the Epistle of the Birds, Salman and Absalom, etc.

Musical Modernism with Claude Debussy, Igor Stravinsky and Arnold Schoe

Musical modernism can be seen as the time where music emerges its liberty from Romantic era style -that started in the late nineteen century to end of the Second World War- and gains new ideas and freedom. With the political turmoil and chaos that took over the European countries, -that lured countries into the First World War- composers and artists started to find, create more and new ways to express themselves. They eagerly began to discover the art of Eastern countries with the hope of finding new ways of expression. The changes in tonality, irregular rhythms, tone clusters, distressed and antagonistic melodies, the expressionist, abstract, unusual ideas over powers the music, the traditional structures recreated or composed with unusual techniques and music gains Non-Western elements. Therefore 20th Century Music shows its rebellion from Romantic era –and any other era in fact- and earns itself the name ‘The Modern era â€Å" and a new importance through this moveme nt in the history. In addition, with the modernist movement, music obtained more interest as a subject that it never had before. â€Å"I wanted from music a freedom which it possesses perhaps to a greater degree than any other art, not being tied to a more or less exact reproduction of Nature but to the mysterious correspondences between Nature and Imagination† Claude Debussy (1902) Roughly from the 1900’s, the music started to obtain a big role in people’s life with its new aspects and it was not only made to please the listeners but carried meanings about life itself. With the modernist movement emotions other than love, anger and joy has started to be portrayed more securely and concisely. Composers like Claude Debussy, Igor Stravinsky and Arnold Schoenberg are very... ...s were his guard against to harmonic resolution in his music. He was mostly fascinated by the waltz and march rhythm’s - as he used these rhythms in most of his works- nevertheless with the title ‘Schoenberg’ he brought the same complex and irregular approach to these rhythms too. The irregular tempo’s that even shows differences from one bar to the other in a same piece and The rhythms, time signatures he used in his compositions changed continually. To conclude, these three revolutionary composers that I have analysed in this essay brought so many levels and layers to ‘Modern Music’. With their contributions Modern era was disconnected from romanticism. Without Debussy’s unique, enjoyable compositions, Stravinsky’s rhythmic and dynamic layers and new ideas, Schoenberg’s creative theories and revolutionary 12 tone system one can not think of a Modern era.

Economics Commentary

Economics Internal Assessment Writing a Commentary on News article Task 1 Headline: Pharmaceutical giant Paladol misjudge its market by raising the price on its best-selling headache relief tablet. Price elasticity of demand (PED) is a measure of the responsiveness or sensitivity of consumers to a change in the price of a particular good. In this article, Paladol raised the price of its product, which was a mistake; there are a lot of other medicines for a headache and most of them would be cheaper which is what Paladol should have considered before raising their price.PED= Percentage change in quantity demandedPercentage change in price=%? QD%? P Cross-price elasticity of demand (XED) measures the responsiveness of consumers of a particular good to a change in the price of a related good, both complements and substitutes. In this article, however, we will be focusing more on the substitute goods. XED= Percentage change in quantity of good APercentage change in price of good B=%? QA% ? PB Substitute goods are goods or products that one might easily use in place of another; because they’re so similar, an increase in the price of one may lead consumers to switch consumption to the substitute.The substitution effect (which underlies the law of demand) states that as the price of a good decreases, consumers switch from other goods to this good because its price is comparatively lower. As the price of Paladol increases we can see the substitute effect, people switching from Paladol which is expensive to Tylonel, for example; because its price is still the same which is cheaper than Paladol. Demand is a curve showing the various amounts of a product consumers want and can purchase at different  prices  during a specific period of time.When Paladol increased its price for a particular headache relief medicine, consumers responded by decreasing their purchase of that expensive product, which decreased the quantity demanded; a movement up and left along the de mand curve. Consumers will now demand another good that is cheaper, a substitute, for example tylonel. Graph A represents Paladol. As the price increase for the product the supply decreases (a shift of the supply curve to the left) because the producers want to make more profit and increase their total revenue.However, the demand is slowly decreasing for Paladol as people realize that there are cheaper headache relief medicines; a movement up and left along the demand curve as was mentioned earlier. So, consumers start switching to substitute goods. Graph B represents Tylonel (a substitute good for Paladol). As the demand for Paladol decreases, the demand for tylonel starts increasing; a shift of the demand curve to the right. This happens as it’s less costly for consumers.The total revenue for Paladol will definitely decrease due to the decrease in quantity purchased and that will also decrease their profit as the cost is now more than the sales. However, the total revenue f or Tylonel will now increase in response to the decrease in Paladol’s decrease of quantity demanded. Paladol misjudged their market by thinking it has a relatively inelastic demand and that if they increased their prices a little it won’t change the quantity demanded by much.A firm producing at a quantity and price combination along the inelastic range of its demand curve can always benefit by reducing its output and increasing its price, since consumers will be relatively unresponsive and total revenues will therefore increase—that didn’t work well with Paladol. As their demand wasn’t inelastic, that plan couldn’t work out for them. They had a relatively elastic demand and one of the reasons of why they have an elastic demand is that they have a lot of substitute goods and competition in that particular good (headache relief medicines are very common).As a result of this misjudgment made by them, the quantity demanded decreased and caused a decrease in the total revenue and profit made by Paladol as well. Due to their bad decision, Paladol will certainly suffer a loss which is a decrease in total revenue. However, their competition (firm of substitute goods) will gain more consumers thus increasing their total revenue. The consumers won’t suffer or in other words they won’t be affected by Paladol’s decision to raise their price as they will have many substitutes to choose from.As Paladol is producing at an output and price combination along the elastic range, the firm could benefit if they change their prices again, this time by lowering them since consumers are relatively price sensitive and the percentage increase in quantity sold will exceeded the percentage decrease in price, improving the firm’s revenue figures and giving Paladol a competitive advantage over the market of headache medicines once again.

Modern Figurative Art Essay

The artists used darker colours from the 1830s to the 1860s, and the main subject of the paintings were simple portraits of significant people or self portraits of the artists themselves. As you move further through the sections, there are more scenic and historical paintings, as well as paintings showing everyday situations of the time. I found interesting the amount of landscape/nature paintings, as well as paintings depicting life in Canada in their respective time periods. By the end, we get the more expressionits and abstract paintings that get larger in size as time progressed. Finding Meaning in Art  Ã‚  Art asks us to find our own meaning at times. Find the large work Pavane by Canadian artist Jean-Paul Riopelle in gallery A111.  (a) How is the artist trying to convey meaning?  I think Riopelle is trying to convey meaning in the work by using three very large canvases and a wide variety of colours to attract the viewer’s attention. When you walk into the room the enormous size of the painting get your attention immediately. The three sections are divided for a reason finding in the middle the widest spectrum of colours and other less stand out colour in the surroundings. A very abstract painting, you can tell alot of effort and time has been put into Pavane. (B)What is your interpretation of Pavane?  It took me a long while to try to understand Pavane, I couldn’t really see past the simple strips of coloured paper, and the huge size of the painting, then after a couple of minutes of studying and walking around it I began to notice how the main colours are in the center and aren’t just thrown into the painting randomly, it is very different to the other paintings in the room so I thought perhaps Riopelle was trying to make this piece more modern than the other pieces of work of the time. Trying to be different and to stand out as an artist, just like the colours in Pavane, to be the center of the art world. When I researched Pavane online, I found that it was partially true, because after making this painting he became very successful in the cultural scene.  Nature, Mathematics and Art  After you are through gallery A114, go into the garden. There is a metal piece of art which looks like DNA. You are allowed to play with this if you choose. Look at the plants more closely.  Ã‚  (a) Is nature itself art? If so, does that mean everything is art? Nature is not art, but is the basis of it, its there so we can turn it into our own personal interpretation of it. Its when a human takes nature and creatively does something with it so that it influences and affects the senses, emotions, and/or intellect that it actually becomes art. Human intervention is what makes Art, Art.  (b) Do you think computers can create REAL art on their own, or are people required to create art? Computers cannot create art because they are incapable of having emotions and to convey meaning to a work of art. Besides, computers are made my man, so if a computer creates art, it is because a human has programmed the computer to able to create it.  Architecture  Next to the fern garden is the now reconstructed Rideau Street Convent Chapel. Sit in it for a moment to rest.  (a) Do you think this chapel has a rightful place in an art gallery? Why or why not?  I think the chapel doesn’t have a rightful place in the art gallery because even though its very pretty and decorative I found it to be too modern for my liking, and also didn’t have much to do with what the subjects in the previous rooms were. There was religion influence in the some paintings but in the majority. It would be conveniently placed in a section that includes more religious sculptures and works of art. (b) What qualities do you think buildings need to be called good architecture?  Good architecture is a building intentionally done to communicate a certain message and that took a lot of hard work and thought into making. If it is creating solely to serve a purpose it is not art, but if it also has an idea or a message built into it, it’s when it becomes art.  (c) Excluding Parliament Hill, Chateau Laurier, Supreme Court of Canada, the National Gallery of Canada, museums, or any other government building – Name one building in Ottawa you consider art and one building you think is not art. Explain. I found the Notre Dame Cathedral very impactful when I first got here, I think its art because it was built not just as a church but to evoke a religious response from people, the originality of the silver material its made from make it an attractive and artistic structure.  A building that is not art would be just a regular ScotiaBank office building, this is because of many reasons, there was no emotion or idea put into it, its is not attractive of artistic in any way and there are many of these in almost every Canadian city, which takes out its originality.